2nd Year Biology Chapter Wise Short Questions with Answers(PDF Download)
Get 2nd Year Biology Short Questions with answers, solved chapter-wise notes, and past paper questions for exam preparation in easy and concise form.
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| 1. Define anhydrobiosis with an example. | Terrestrial animals produce concentrated urin in their kidney that reabsorb most filtered water in the process of excretion. They can tolerate dehydration and it differs in various animals. This characteristic is known as anhydrobiosis. Kangaroo is best example of it. |
| 2. Write two functions of liver. | Liver is not only involved in the synthesis of nitrogenous wastes to assist kidney in their disposal, but also has numerous crucial functions of homeostatis importance. These functions belong to a synthesis, storage, conversion, recycling and detoxification strategies. |
| 3. What is renal failure? | Various factors of pathological and chemical nature may progressively destroy the nephron, particularly its glomerular part. This results in increase in the plasma level of urea and other nitrogenous wastes. The rise in urea causes compplications of increase in blood pressure and anemia etc. |
| 4. What is Homeostasis? Give its importance. | The protection of internal environment from the harms of fluctuations in external environmental is termed as homeostatis. The homeostatis keeps the internal fluctuations in a narrow arrange with various central system composed to wider external fluctuations. |
| 5. What is haemodialysis? | Haemodialysis means "cleaning the blood". In this procedure blood is circulated through a machine which contains a dialyzer, called an artificial kidney. |
| 6. Write a note on kidney transplantation? | Dialysis may be used b |
| 7. What is peritoneal dialysis? | Peritoneal dialysis work on the same principalexcept that abdomen has a peritoneal cavity, lined by a thin epithelium called peritoneum. Peritoneal cavity is filled with dialysis fluid that enters the body through a catheter. Excess water and wastes pass through the peritoneum into the dialysis fluid. This process is repeated several times a day. Dialyzer is a kidney machine that works on the same principle as in a kidney for removal of nitrogenous wastes and excess water from the blood. It is used after kidney failure and dialysis is done again and again until a matching donor kidney is transplanted. |
| 8. What are flame cells, give their role? | Tubular system is spread throughout the body and branches are capped by a cellular setup in planaria called as flame cell. Its beating proples interstitial fluid into the tubular system. |
| 9. Differentiate between ureter and urethra? | Urine leaves the kidney through a duct called ureter. Urine leaves the body during urination from bladder through a tube called urethra. |
| 10. What is pyrexia? | In bacterial and viral infections mainly, leukocyte increase in number. These pathogens and the blood cells produce chemicals called as pyrogens. Pyrogens dispalce the set point of hypothalamus above the normal point of 37oC. Fever or high temperature helps in stimulating the protective mechanisms against the pathogens. |
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